Digital Compliance 2025: New fines, AI labeling and changes to 152-FZ
The Internet of 2025 is no longer a gray area. The entry into force of new packages of laws in the Russian Federation, Europe and the USA is forcing IT directors and marketers to urgently review website architecture. Compliance is now not just a privacy policy in the footer, but a strict set of technical metrics, for ignoring which fines are applied.
We analyze the main legal updates that directly affect your web project this year.
🇷🇺 Russia: Leaks, turnover fines and biometrics (152-FZ)
A series of high-profile leaks in 2023-2024 forced lawmakers to sharply tighten the screws on businesses that collect personal data.
1. Turnover fines for personal data leaks
The main fear of business has become a reality. Amendments came into force in 2025 introducing turnover fines (from 0.1% to 3% of annual revenue) for repeated leaks of user data. Practical consequence: Storing passwords in clear text, not using SSL/TLS, or keeping backups on open FTP servers is now financially tantamount to company suicide.
2. Notification of incidents 24 hours in advance
In case of suspicion of a database hack or leak, the operator obliged within 24 hours notify Roskomnadzor about the incident, and within 72 hours - provide the results of the internal investigation. If monitoring (SIEM systems) on your site is not configured, you will physically not be able to meet the deadline, which will aggravate the guilt.
3. Prohibition on “excess collection”
Previously, Internet stores could request SNILS, passport data or date of birth in order to send by courier. In 2025, this is treated as an excess fee. Every form field on your site (even if it's optional) must have a valid legal purpose for collection.
🇪🇺 European Union: Digital Services Act (DSA) and AI Act
Europe continues to set the trend for privacy protection, complementing the GDPR with sweeping new sets of laws aimed at transparency of algorithms.
1. Digital Services Act (DSA) in full
The Digital Services Act (in force for all platforms) obliges companies to be transparent when it comes to personalized recommendations. If your online store displays a “You may like” block or generates a dynamic price for tickets based on the user’s history, you must explain in clear language in the interface how the algorithm works, and give a button to disable AI personalization.
2. The AI Act
The world's first law regulating AI. If you use an AI chatbot for website support, you are required by law to clearly markthat the user communicates not with a person, but with a neural network. It is prohibited to use “emotion recognition” systems in the workplace or in educational institutions, as well as hidden manipulation algorithms (dark patterns).
💡 What to do: Add a die “You are communicating with an AI assistant” in the header of your web chat. This removes your risk under the AI Act.
🇺🇸 USA: California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA) and fragmentation
The United States still does not have a unified federal data protection law (unlike GDPR), but the aggressive development of state laws (California, Virginia, Colorado) is forcing businesses to rebuild their infrastructure.
1. CPRA: Right to Restrict Data Use
The extension of the Californian law (CCPA) introduced the concept of SPI (Sensitive Personal Information) - sensitive data: geolocation, race, religion, content of correspondence. Users are now allowed to click the button "Limit the Use of My Sensitive Personal Information", prohibiting the company from using these analytics for targeting.
2. Ban on Dark Patterns
US authorities are actively fining “Dark Patterns” in interface design. If the “Unsubscribe” button is hidden in gray small font on a gray background or the process of deleting a profile takes 7 non-obvious clicks, the FTC (Federal Trade Commission) classifies this as consumer fraud and issues fabulous fines. The implementation of "Opt-out" should be as simple as "Opt-in".
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Bottom line: Compliance strategy 2025
This year's legal trends can be described in three words: Transparency, Logging, Minimization. The Internet is saying goodbye to the “wild west,” where databases were sold on forums and cookies were collected secretly.
To keep the project in the green zone (and not get caught in court or blocked), companies must invest in:
- Consent management systems (Consent Management Platforms, CMP).
- Backend protection (WAF, database encryption).
- A transparent user experience (UX) that does not try to deceive the user with complex language.
Does your website serve audiences in the Russian Federation, Europe or the USA? Integrators NBM-IT We are ready to audit the code base, set up Google Consent Mode v2 and adapt the logic for collecting personal data to the strict requirements of 152-FZ, GDPR and CCPA.